Healthy Kids Expo

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There are lingering weight tips and myths that seem to defy experts’ attempts at explaining them away. The American Dietetic Association’s Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo that took place in Chicago last month made yet another attempt to de-bunk some of these popular myths.

Here are ten of the most enduring and most mistaken diet and nutrition myths out there. The ones that get repeated all the time. Experts at the ADA conference busted these myths wide open giving you the scoop, once and for all, on these often repeated misconceptions.

Myth 1: Eating at night is bad for you.

According to Christine Rosenbloom, PhD, RD, CSSD of Georgia State University this is completely false. This misconception very likely came from an assumption made based on the positive effect on BMI when you eat breakfast. But that doesn’t mean eating later on during the day is bad. In the end, the number of calories you take in per day, whether first thing in the morning or late at night, is all that counts.

Myth 2: You should avoid foods with a high glycemic index.

Sure being aware of the glycemic index is a good thing… knowledge always is. The trouble comes when you use this index as the measure of everything you eat. It shouldn’t be your sole strategy for controlling blood sugar or trying to lose those extra pounds. At most, it will help you fine-tune your food choices. Eating a variety of healthy, natural foods is best… looking to one value alone is dangerously short sighted.

Myth 3: High fructose corn syrup causes weight gain.

This diet myth came about in 2003 when experts noticed that obesity was rising along with the increased use of high fructose corn syrup. Attempts were made to link the two together and it took a while to find the answer. The American Medical Association has just concluded that high fructose corn syrup does not contribute to obesity, beyond the calories in the food itself.

Myth 4: Caffeine is bad for you.

According to Rosenbloom, there is some evidence that caffeine, besides giving you a shot of alertness, might also have a positive effect on conditions like gout and Parkinson’s disease. And contrary to popular belief, caffeine doesn’t dehydrate you. What you do want to watch for is the hidden caffeine in products, and the number of high caffeine energy drinks your children may be taking in during the day… kids gulp these down without realizing what’s inside.

Myth 5: The less fat you eat, the better.

Counting fat grams isn’t everything and those with heart disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome might actually benefit from adding a little healthy fat to their diet. Healthy fat is the monounsaturated kind and should be substituted, whenever possible, for saturated fats. Again casting one component of a diet as the “bad guy” is misleading, moderation in all things is your best bet.

Myth 6: To eat less sodium, avoid salty foods and use sea salt instead.

Gourmet salts like sea salt aren’t any healthier than regular, unglamorous table salt. You use less sea salt only because this type of salt is coarser, so fewer grains fit into a standard teaspoon. If you really want to impact your sodium intake, check the labels of processed foods you choose as these tend to have high sodium contents that are a good idea to avoid.

Myth 7: Drinking more water each day will help you lose weight.

There is no evidence that water helps you shed pounds, though foods with lots of water, like soup, do fill you up. Carrying around a huge water bottle and sipping regularly may quench your thirst, but it won’t affect your appetite or have you burning any more calories. According to Rosenbloom, “Our thirst mechanism and our hunger mechanism are two different things.”

Myth 8: Whole grains are always better than refined grains.

While whole grains are a great tasting, healthy option, you don’t have to ditch refined grains altogether. In fact, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s “My Pyramid” guidelines suggest getting just half your grains from whole grain sources. Rather than putting a ban on breads, look for enriched grains – refined grains with some nutrients (like folic acid and others) can have health benefits too. A well balanced diet includes both sources of grains.

Myth 9: Sugar causes behavior problems in kids.

This is one myth where you need to look hard at your own expectations. What do you expect your child (or any child for that matter) to do after eating candy and then there’s the “sugar high” everyone talks about. Surprisingly, studies show that when parents think kids have been given sugar, they rate the child’s behavior as more hyper, though in fact no sugar had been eaten. Rather than blaming sugar, think about expectation and the excitement of the event at hand as a source for your child’s excitable behavior.

Myth 10: Protein is the key nutrient for athletes.

Of course athletes do need more protein than the rest of us, but they don’t need nearly as much as they’ve been led to believe. Supplements probably aren’t necessary as athletes, body and health conscious, as they tend to be, are usually getting plenty of protein from their food. If you’re weight training, eating protein after a workout, about 8 grams (what you’ll find in a small carton of low fat chocolate milk), will help your muscle tissue rebuild. Multiple scoops of whey powder as part of a special drink is probably going overboard.

These weight tips and myths are not the only ones that have little grounding in reasonable research but this article should outline some of the major myths circulating.

You are intelligent enough to know that the purpose of most science fair projects is to teach students how to use scientific methods to solve problems on their own. A science fair project can allow students, parents, and teachers to make new discoveries together. One of those discoveries might be how clean your drinking water is.

Students may expect faucet water to be clean, but is it? A science fair project on testing drinking water can help them learn what is in the water they use. This outline will help them and you conduct a drinking water test.

State Your Hypothesis

A good example might be, “If I test drinking water from different sources, which will I find to be the best for my health?” A poor example would be, “If I drink tap water, what happens?”

Background Research

Learn all that you can about what water may contain. Research the effects of various contaminants, minerals, etc.

Develop a Drinking Water Test

What kind of drinking water test will you use? What kinds of drinking water will you test? Will you buy a kit, or simply order appropriate test materials? How will you collect the water to be sure you do not change its content?

What You Need for Drinking Water Tests

Students will need Colorimetric test strips for many drinking water tests. Kits are available from science fair websites. Water Safe Drinking Water Test is an EPA standardized, laboratory certified simple kit that identifies harmful levels of 8 different common contaminants in water: bacteria, chlorine, lead, nitrates, nitrites, pesticides, pH, and water hardness.

Predict Results

Write out a prediction of what you expect. Will your city tap water be the best water for your health? Should your family pay money to drink only bottled water? What do you predict your drinking water test will reveal?

Conduct Your Drinking Water Test

Students may choose from many drinking water tests. Here are a few possible tests. Younger students may want to use only one. Older students may combine a series of drinking water tests.

1. Basic: A basic drinking water test might allow students to test water for alkalinity, chlorine (both free and total), nitrate and nitrite, pH, and water hardness. What is the basic make-up of your water?

2. Bacteria: Along with a basic drinking water test, you might test for bacteria in the water. Water from a drinking fountain may show bacteria that collect on the bubbler and wash into the water.

3. City Water: What is in municipal drinking water? You can use the basic drinking water tests above, but check, too, for metals and sediment. Are corroding pipes contaminating the water?

4. Well Water: Since the government does not test private wells, there may be contaminants in the water taken from them. What might you find? Would you expect more sediment or less? Would your drinking water test be likely to find pesticides if the well is near a farm or garden where they are used?

5. Bottled Water: Is bottled water really pure? Is it better than tap water or worse? Run a drinking water test on it and see what you find.

6. Water Cooler: If your water cooler is typical, a large five-gallon bottle is turned upside down into the drinking water crock. Might there be germs on the bottle top? Will a drinking water test show up these germs?

7. Pet Water Bowl: Pet drinking water tests will show you what your pet’s water contains. The pet bowl should not be cleaned right before the test. Allowing your pet to drink from it will show whether or not the water is still pure enough for humans.

Repeat Your Drinking Water Test

A good scientist repeats tests to be sure the results are the same. You will not have accurate results if you run your drinking water test only once.

Analyze

Analyze the results of your tests. Which water is purer? Which one tastes better, looks better, and smells better? From your analysis, do you think your prediction will hold up?

Arrive at Conclusions

Draw conclusions from your drinking water test. Look at all the evidence and decide what it means in regard to healthy drinking water.

1. Which water contains the fewest contaminants?

2. Which water contains the fewest bacteria?

3. Which water is best for your health?

Prepare Your Display

Decide early how the display will look and leave plenty of time to complete it. Will you have photographs? Will you have clear glasses containing water samples? How will you display used test strips?

Most science fair projects require a display board to communicate your work to others. A three-panel display board that is 36″ tall by 48″ wide when unfolded is standard. On your board, include these elements.

1. Title: Make it catchy – and big enough to read from across a room.

2. Hypothesis and research: Organize your information from top to bottom, left to right, as though you were planning a newspaper page. Put Hypothesis and research information on the left side of your board.

3. Materials and procedures: Place this information just under your title in the middle of the board.

4. Data / Charts / Photos: These go at the bottom of the center part of your board.

5. Results and conclusions: The right side of your board holds the final information about your drinking water test.

A science fair project on testing drinking water can be interesting and exciting, appropriate for any age student. The results may surprise everyone.